Hence, the program of having a properly guided shariah compliance assurance process in the form of implementing a shariah audit framework for IFIs need to be in the list of priorities for the. Since Islamic Banking at Samba has its own independent financial and operational system which is separate from the Bank, and that its transactions are carried out under the supervision of the Shariah Supervisory Board, therefore, we, members of the Board, do. Due to the number of prohibitions set by Sharia, many conventional investment vehicles such as bonds, options, and derivatives are forbidden in Islamic finance. The two major investment vehicles in Islamic finance are: 1. Sharia allows investment in company shares.
- Historical development of Sharīʿah law
- The substance of traditional Sharīʿah law
- Sharīʿah law in contemporary Islam
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Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work!Sharīʿah, also spelled Sharia, the fundamental religious concept of Islam—namely, its law.
The religious law of Islam is seen as the expression of God’s command for Muslims and, in application, constitutes a system of duties that are incumbent upon all Muslims by virtue of their religious belief. Known as the Sharīʿah (literally, “the path leading to the watering place”), the law represents a divinely ordained path of conduct that guides Muslims toward a practical expression of religious conviction in this world and the goal of divine favour in the world to come.
Nature and significance of Islamic law
In classical form, the Sharīʿah differs from Western systems of law in two principal respects. In the first place, the scope of the Sharīʿah is much wider, since it regulates the individual’s relationship not only with neighbours and with the state, which is the limit of most other legal systems, but also with God and with the individual’s own conscience. Ritual practices—such as the daily prayers (ṣalāt), almsgiving (zakāt), fasting (ṣawm), and pilgrimage (hajj)—are an integral part of Sharīʿah law and usually occupy the first chapters in legal manuals. The Sharīʿah is concerned as much with ethical standards as with legal rules, indicating not only what an individual is entitled or bound to do in law but also what one ought, in conscience, to do or to refrain from doing. Accordingly, certain acts are classified as praiseworthy (mandūb), which means that their performance brings divine favour and their omission divine disfavour, and others as blameworthy (makrūh), which has the opposite implications. However, in neither case is there any legal sanction of punishment or reward, nullity or validity. The Sharīʿah is thus not merely a system of law but also a comprehensive code of behaviour that embraces both private and public activities.
The second major distinction between the Sharīʿah and Western legal systems is a consequence of the Islamic concept of the law as the expression of the divine will. With the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632, direct communication of the divine will to human beings ceased, and the terms of the divine revelation were henceforth fixed and immutable. The overall image of the Sharīʿah is thus one of unchanging continuity, an impression that generally holds true for some areas of the law, such as ritual law. However, revelation can be interpreted in varying ways, and, over time, the diversity of possible interpretations has produced a wide array of positions on almost every point of law. In the premodern period, the ʿulamāʾ (Muslim religious scholars) held a monopoly over interpretation of the law, but, since the 19th century, their monopoly has been challenged by Westernized elites and laypeople. The question of which interpretations become normative at any given time is complex. Early Western studies of Islamic law held the view that while Islamic law shaped Muslim societies, the latter had no influence on Islamic law in return. However, this position has become untenable. Social pressures and communal interests have played an important role in determining the practice of Islamic law in particular contexts—both in the premodern period and to an even greater extent in the modern era.
Historical development of Sharīʿah law
For the first Muslim community, established under the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad at Medina in 622, the Qurʾānic revelations laid down basic standards of conduct. But the Qurʾān is in no sense a comprehensive legal code: only about 10 percent of its verses deal with legal issues. During his lifetime, Muhammad, as the supreme judge of the community, resolved legal problems as they arose by interpreting and expanding the general provisions of the Qurʾān, thereby establishing a legal tradition that was to continue after his death. With the rapid expansion of the Islamic realm under Muhammad’s political successors, the Muslim polity became administratively more complex and came into contact with the laws and institutions of the lands that the Muslims conquered. With the appointment of judges, or qadis, to the various provinces and districts, an organized judiciary came into being. The qadis were responsible for giving effect to a growing corpus of administrative and fiscal law, and they pragmatically adopted elements and institutions of Roman-Byzantine and Persian-Sasanian law into Islamic legal practice in the conquered territories. Depending on the discretion of the individual qadi, judicial decisions were based on the rules of the Qurʾān where these were relevant, but the sharp focus in which the Qurʾānic laws were held in the Medinan period was lost with the expanding horizons of activity.
Muslim jurisprudence, the science of ascertaining the precise terms of the Sharīʿah, is known as fiqh (literally, “understanding”). Beginning in the second half of the 8th century, oral transmission and development of this science gave way to a written legal literature devoted to exploring the substance of the law and the proper methodology for its derivation and justification. Throughout the medieval period, the basic doctrine was elaborated and systematized in a large number of commentaries, and the voluminous literature thus produced constitutes the traditional textual authority of Sharīʿah law.
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Shariah
The program was established ( students' section only) in the academic year 1435/1436 H under the name of the Department of Shariah and Islamic Studies . In the academic year 1436- 1437, the study began in the female section . In the academic year 1437/1438, the first batch was graduated bearing old name of Shariah and Islamic Studies Department
In the academic year 1438 AH/1439 , the name of the department was changed to Shariah Program . The program offers a bachelor's degree in Shariah and teaches the students of other programs courses on Islamic culture . Obtaining a bachelor degree in Islamic Shariah requires the completion of(169) credit hours distributed to eight levels where students study (18) University Requirement, and (151) college requirement .
The old name of the program attracted students and this appeared in the increased number of students who desired to enrol in the program. In the first year, the number of students was thirty , and in the following year seventy students enrolled in the program .
The program vision is to become an outstanding Islamic Shariah centre with a social contribution and competitive presence .
The message of the program can appear in creating a distinguished scientific environment that meets the standards of comprehensive quality to rehabilitate qualified specialists in the field of Islamic Shariah . This can take place by :
- The development of students creativity and criticism abilities .
Shariah Program Arabic
- Spreading Islamic moderation and promoting the concept of moderation in thought and behaviour.
- The confirmation of sticking to the Islamic identity, and promoting the spirit of religious affiliation in Students
The objectives of Islamic Shariah Program:
Islamic University Of Madinah Online
- The preparation of specialists in Islamic Shariah who are characterized by knowledge and the necessary skills to practice scientific and research activities and who are able to accompany theory with practice . –- - Paying attention to emerging issues and communicating effectively with the centures and institutions of common interest.
- contributing to satisfying the need of labour market with specialists in the field of Shariah.
- contributing to the consolidation of moderation and awareness among the members of society and protecting them from intellectual deviations.
- The consolidation of correct Islamic belief that is derived from the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah.
- contributing to the formation of the righteous Muslim who is useful to himself , community and nation.
- Preparing scientific research that serves Islam and Muslims.
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- The study of social problems and providing legitimate solutions for them. Wario land wii iso pal torrent pirate bay.